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Tag Archives: vancouver art gallery
500年,从天堂到人间
上周末去温哥华玩,住在市中心的Hyatt Regency酒店。下楼隔壁就是温哥华美术馆(Vancouver Art Gallery),正在展出的是Of Heaven and Earth(从天堂到人间)—意大利500年油画展览。展品大部分来自英国格拉斯哥系博物馆。 500年,从天堂到人间,说的其实是从宗教画到世俗画作的转变。从14世纪到19世纪,从中世纪末期文艺复兴的曙光开始,到19世纪印象主义的兴起结束,油画艺术与经济文化的发展是息息相关的。早期圣母生圣婴头上的光晕慢慢淡去,然而还保持着”bless“的手势,圣婴一只脚据说是踩在自己将来的灌木上。16世纪Titian(提香)的Christ and Adulteress,表现的是圣经中耶稣说”你们之中谁没有罪的,就朝这个妇人扔出第一块石头“。画作中所有的配角都用不和谐的肢体转动表现了沉思,我们知道,最后谁也没能扔出第一块石头。耶稣真是伟大的演说家。画作中最右面的男人被截下,然后又在几百年后的艺术品市场上被找到,经过对比,发现还真是原画中的一部分,布质、颜色、油料都和原画几无差异。然而,这个男子也被截的只剩下一个头了。所以,当这幅画在今日的博物馆中展出时,总是一副巨大的画作旁边加上一个头,看起来挺幽默的。 十五世纪的Carlo Dolci受到了戏剧的影响,或者说影响了后来的戏剧(以及电影)。女主角莎乐美端着盛有St. John的头的盘子出现时,仿佛在漆黑的舞台上缓缓走出,带着惊惶的神情。背景是完全黑化的,只有一束冷光照在她的脸上,仿佛今日的惊悚片,又像是某些人物摄影的特色,所有的兴奋、恐慌、注意力,都集中在这一点上。不仅莎乐美,圣母圣婴像也是如此。他的画作中,周围的环境是不存在的,只有人,只有特写,纤细如发的五官、神态描写,甚至翩翩衣袂的刻画。 宏伟的画作永远只存在与宗教社会中,只有集人类全力才能表现出对主的膜拜。宗教式微,而十八世纪之后,房子能大到装下巨幅油画的贵族和赞助人也少了。壁画不见了,宗教画也不见了,取而代之的是小幅油画,表现日常生活与普通人的主题:这里有一个小提琴演奏家,举着弓子谄媚地邀请人们起舞;这里有两个威尼斯的孩子,伏在石栏上看大运河的风景。这些画作被农民、牧民、小商人买下来,挂在家里的厨房、客厅、书房里。 然后是摄影的出现,对油画的发展起到了残忍的革命意义。那种追求纤毫入发的真实感不见了,许多油画家拒绝成为”人肉照相机“。于是有了大块、模糊、松散的印象主义。他们画的不是实物,而是印象。以颜色来表达印象,从而表达他们对被画物体和人的感觉。20世纪的立体主义、未来主义、达达主义…都是对摄影革命的反映,然而已不在本次展览的讨论范围内了。 在美术馆匆匆逗留,总是不能尽兴,每次只能看少数几幅作品,就让人觉得目不暇接。温哥华美术馆的讲解员非常专业,栩栩如生,应该是学艺术史专业出身。而温哥华的国际性体现在竟然还有中文讲解上。操着温柔台湾口音的讲解员娓娓道来,让人仿佛回到了东方。 走出博物馆,初秋的温哥华已有凉意,而太阳还和煦地照在身上。街边的树叶已经全红了。