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Tag Archives: 陶渊明
居无竹
中国园林讲究疏密有间。像美国那种中产阶级的花园洋房,用割草机和农药养出来的绿茵茵的草地,墙头缀着几支玫瑰,或者像凡尔赛宫那种西式园林的一望到底,一览无余,是不美的。中国园林是曲径通幽,柳暗花明,有水有树,有花有鸟,风啸林间,竹林掩映。这是中国人的居住理想,从范宽李唐的山水画中就可以看出来。 这样的理想,对于大多数现代中国人来说,自然是不可能实现的了。大部分的我们工作在格子间,住在鸽子笼,万家灯火时,远处隔着污染的空气望上去的那一片窗的黄色灯光就是家。我们对家和庭院,已经失去了审美能力,终其一生都在为这片三寸见方的空间劳碌。除非你住在乡下——但乡下的村庄那些新盖的楼房也不复传统中国画中的水墨意境。南方富裕的乡村,远望梯田上凡是有空间的地方都立起来一个一个的火柴盒,颜色俗艳,功能单一。 阎连科笔下的北京郊外,在城市与乡村的空隙间,竟然建立起了一个短暂的桃花源。对于这片郊外,我是有印象的。那是在中关村大街还叫白颐路的时候,四环还没有建立起来,因为学校在西北郊,旁边都是百年前皇家园林的属地,既无人管理也无人使用,任由其荒着。那些大片大片的无人地上长满了荒草和灌木,远远望去,好一片温带季风阔叶林的景象。有鸟,有花,有四季的变幻。更多的时候,那里的景象让人想要走进去,坐在那里发呆,看天,想王小波的文章,“在一瞬间变成天上半明半暗的云”。大学的时候与同学去郊外旅游,坐绿皮火车,两旁多数是这样的景象:除了巨型工厂冒出的黑烟,就是自生自灭的林子,我们坐着车厢里吹着电风扇,磕着瓜子,一路到了某个村庄。 在那样的郊外搭一座房子,过陶渊明、竹林七贤那样的生活,是我从来没有想过的事。那些荒地不知道还在不在,而我的大学生涯已经结束好多年了。想必在今天的北京,“路”变成了“大街”,“铁路”变成了“高铁”,所有卖出去的、没卖出去的土地都应该已经物尽其用了;但起码阎连科和他的邻居们,在残暴的圈地运动的推土机翻起中国城市的每一寸土地之前,还在这样的荒草中过了几年“居有竹”的时光。《北京,最后的纪念》不是纪念这个城市,纪念越来越小的老城或越来越污浊的空气,而是纪念那一片荒地,北京城乡之间的密林、杂草、动物和呼啸而过的绿皮火车;或者更远,纪念的是中国人的田园旧梦,山水时光,陶渊明笔下、王维画中的不复重生的世界。