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Tag Archives: 谭盾
谭盾:近听水有声 Make the Painting Sound
版权归作者所有,任何形式转载请联系作者。作者:waking王小心(来自豆瓣)来源:https://www.douban.com/note/571302862/ 谭盾的解释中,大意是说敦煌处于丝绸之路的中点,南来北往,熙熙攘攘的人群说着不同的语言,有着不同的文化,而音乐恰是沟通他们精神世界的纽带。我个人觉得,首先宗教与音乐是天然联系的。人类在自己无限崇拜的神灵面前,语言是不能表达万一的,只能借助音乐和绘画,建筑和雕像这样宏大的东西,来表达自己的崇敬之情。大音希声,这就是为什么宗教音乐总是最宏伟的,如亨德尔的弥赛亚,如巴赫的马太受难曲,正如最宏大的建筑永远是教堂一样。其次,敦煌壁画中的音乐不但是宗教中的音乐,也是世俗中的音乐。天上、人间,极乐世界总是产生在乐音袅袅中,这是古代人们对美好事物的追求,也是他们对极`乐世界的想象。然后就是谭盾说的,在人来人往的丝绸之路上,不同民族、不同文化的人们用什么交流呢?音乐。音乐是人类的栖息之地,也是打碎巴别塔的最快方法。 所以,在谭盾看来,敦煌是他的梦,而这个梦最大的组成部分就是把壁画中的声响还原,让它发出一千多年前该有的声音。这是他昨天在洛杉矶Getty Center(盖蒂博物馆)两小时讲座的主要内容,也是吸引众多观众远道而来的主要原因。 谭盾一身夹克,一双跑鞋,显得很年轻。英语不是他的母语,而他演讲的精彩程度和英语水平完全无关。他刻意放慢语速,用暂停来制造想象的空间,能看出来他一个情商很高的人。一开头,他就讲到他关于敦煌的“梦”,看到莫高窟里经年累月信`徒的累累白骨而情不自禁地跪下来祈祷,去世界各地找到从藏经洞里运出的乐谱,把它们翻译成现代乐谱,并用自己丰富的指挥、作曲、音乐知识去揣摩、再创造,和加工唐代的音乐。他谦虚地说:“你们今天听到的音乐,至少有一半是正确的。”然而又自信地说:“在所有诠释古代乐谱的人当中,其他人都是学者,只有我一个人是音乐家。”那些用汉字和符号表达的中国五音律并不能百分之百地翻译成现代乐谱,而是需要通过动机、韵律,甚至指法去重新诠释。他找到湖南的百岁老人,聆听他们吟咏唐诗的节奏,将之化入《长沙女》《水鼓子》等乐谱的创作,让千年前只在纸上和壁画上呈现的静态美重新出现在人间。 另一个方面是乐器的制作。经他解释,我才发现敦煌壁画中的许多乐器,不是已经失传,就是进化得面目全非。在昨天演奏的乐器中,有一种是唐代琵琶。现在琵琶是竖着的,而唐代琵琶是横着演奏的。他专门到奈良找到通晓唐代乐器制作方法的乐师,造出了唐代的琵琶弦,那是一种特殊的黄色,奈良的乐师告诉他说,黄色是“禅”的颜色,乐音就是禅的声音。他又到海上丝绸之路的起点泉州,找到乐器师傅,用明代的家具木头制造了琵琶的琴身,所以昨天呈现在我们面前的,是他从中国带来的琵琶演奏家施文卿怀抱这样一件古乐,演奏着唐代的音乐。音色暗沉而古雅,仿佛白居易笔下的琵琶女。而之后他用葫芦制作的飞天琵琶,更是令人瞠目结舌,因为只有一磅重,所以真正的演员可以把它放在背后,轻易地完成“反弹琵琶”的动作,让东方歌舞团的演员感叹:他们现在可以带着真的乐器演出了。 谭盾的目标是40件乐器和25份乐谱。有了它们,他希望可以在莫高窟前进行一场敦煌之夜的音乐会,甚至写出与基`督教音乐相对应的佛`教音乐,完成世界大同的音乐梦想。我祝愿他的梦想早日成真。