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Tag Archives: 围棋
关于围棋的胜负观
最近和一个朋友讨论围棋,觉得他说的一些关于围棋胜负观影响围棋发展的观点很有道理,先存在博客里吧。 ————————————————————— 我觉得纵观围棋的历史,是对围棋胜负观的理解,影响了围棋的发展 这是围棋发展的核心动力 比如古代早期的中日围棋,其实经过一千多年的发展和积累,已经有比较成熟棋手和高水平的对弈。当时中日同时面临一个问题,当对弈棋手水平相差小到一定范围的话,先手(日本执黑先手,中国执白先手)胜率非常高。阻碍了胜负和棋力的进一步比较。对此问题的解决方案,决定了中日围棋的走向。中国围棋选择了座子战的方式,这个解决方案确实非常优秀。几乎是一劳永逸地解决了先手必胜问题,并且因为座子站必然带来激烈厮杀,所以很大程度提高了棋手的技战术水平,所以为啥在明前半段琉球国师下不过中国棋手。但带来的负面效果就是,围棋的布局没有了,围棋变得视野狭隘。这就是为啥到清末,国手连日本军官都下不过日本的解决方案是番棋。就是通过下很多局,轮番先手,以总成绩定胜负。这个方法很笨,最后不得不下到10番棋。这个还是天皇面前的对局,得考虑天皇的耐心。棋院之间的对弈一般都是20番棋,甚至下到50番棋。 但是这种方式不仅保持了围棋的原始状态,而且必须产生一帮以下棋为职业的棋手,所以从算砂立坊门,四大家族400年争胜的局面以来,日本围棋开始领先中国 到了现代,棋手没有天皇养,需要电视台、杂志社养,电视台、杂志社靠赞助商和广告主养,赞助商靠大众养,所以人们对围棋的爱好成为棋手的生存基础。随着经济的富庶,可以养成百上千的职业棋手,但爱好者是没有耐心看一整年才赛完的比赛,也没有耐心看2个小时以上的电视转播。 到了现代,棋手没有天皇养,需要电视台、杂志社养,电视台、杂志社靠赞助商和广告主养,赞助商靠大众养,所以人们对围棋的爱好成为棋手的生存基础。随着经济的富庶,可以养成百上千的职业棋手,但爱好者是没有耐心看一整年才赛完的比赛,也没有耐心看2个小时以上的电视转播。 所以从规则上来说,有两大改变:一个是贴目时代到来,通过贴目拉近先手和后手的差距。这个对围棋影响最大的就是布局,执黑的一方必须利用先手确立足够的优势,简而言之就是要围大模样,而执白一方就是要打散黑棋。所以为什么吴、木谷和桥本的新布局具有开创性,又为什么陈祖德的中国流最终一统天下…… 第二个是比赛限时,不再是随便多长时间都可以。而且限时越来越短,甚至出现了超快棋,比我们网上下棋的时间都短。这个结果就是,往往比赛比的不是真实棋力,而是棋手的体力、状态、灵机一动、勇气等等。也就是为什么当年林海峰22岁当名人时所有人觉得不可思议,而现在22岁你还不拿国际大赛的头衔,差不多就二流了…… 如果是秀哉名人再看今天的围棋,会一方面惊诧现代人对围棋有如此深刻和开创性的理解,有如此创意的下法,但是也会惊诧现代的名局里面怎么还会有低级错误和漏洞,充满瑕疵